What is Liquid Restaking?
Liquid restaking is the process of staking LSTs (Liquid Staking Tokens) through a liquid restaking protocol. This allows participants to earn additional rewards by restaking their tokenized staked crypto.
How Liquid Restaking works?
- Staking crypto and getting LST: the process begins with liquid staking, where a user locks their crypto assets (e.g., ETH) into a liquid staking protocol. The protocol’s smart contract mints Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs) in a 1:1 ratio to the staked assets, representing them and maintaining their liquidity.
- Restaking LST and getting LRT: The user then deposits their LSTs into a liquid restaking protocol. The smart contract of the protocol mints Liquidity Restaking Tokens (LRTs) in a 1:1 ratio to the deposited LSTs. The minted LRTs can be utilized within the DeFi ecosystem.
This opens up the potential for complex investment strategies, enabling users to maximize rewards, enhance capital efficiency, and compound their earning opportunities, while the protocols contribute to the overall growth of the ecosystem.
What is Liquid Staking?
Liquid staking is an improved form of traditional staking, the process of locking crypto assets while receiving tokenized versions of those assets, called Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs). These tokens can be used for restaking or other DeFi activities while still earning staking rewards.
How Liquid Staking works?
To understand this term better, it’s important to first clarify what traditional staking is and how it differs from liquid staking. In traditional staking, such as on a Proof of Stake blockchain like Ethereum, users lock their ETH for a fixed period to help maintain the network’s operation and security. During this time, the locked assets earn rewards, but the user cannot access or use them until the staking period ends, making the staked assets illiquid and untradable.
Liquid staking protocols solve this liquidity problem through a mechanism where participants lock their assets in a smart contract and receive liquidity tokens (LSTs) at a 1:1 ratio. For example, if you stake 5 ETH, the liquid staking protocol issues 5 sETH tokens for you. LSTs represent the staked tokens and can be freely traded, used in various decentralized applications (dApps), or leveraged in other DeFi strategies like lending. This provides users with greater flexibility for their crypto assets, potentially boosting overall staking returns.
Why do liquid staking platforms issue such tokens? It all comes down to maintaining the security of the underlying blockchain. As you may already know, the mechanism of traditional staking is designed to process network transactions, ensuring its security. If fewer assets are locked in staking, transaction processing becomes significantly slower, and the network becomes more centralized and less secure. Therefore, liquid staking provides a solution that helps maintain staking participation without sacrificing asset liquidity.
How to choose a Liquid Restaking Protocol?
When choosing a Liquid Restaking Protocol, consider security (audits, track record), rewards (staking APY, airdrops, incentives), supported LSTs and networks (Ethereum, L2s, or other chains), liquidity (ease of deposit/withdrawal), and ecosystem integrations (DeFi strategies). Define your goals—whether it’s maximizing rewards, farming airdrops, or finding the best DeFi opportunities.
Risks of Liquid Restaking
Regardless of the size of a liquid restaking protocol, its TVL, user base, audited smart contracts, and other protective mechanisms, liquid restaking involves certain risks:
- Smart contract exploits: vulnerabilities in smart contracts can lead to loss of users’ funds.
- Depegging asset risk: under certain complex cryptographic conditions, there is a risk of the native token (e.g., ETH) losing its peg to the Liquid Staking Token (e.g., stETH), which can negatively impact the value of staked and restaked positions.
Conclusion
Liquid restaking offers the potential to unlock numerous complex DeFi strategies, allowing users to maximize their staking returns. While the popularity and size of a platform can provide some assurance, they do not eliminate risks entirely. Do your own research (DYOR) thoroughly before choosing a protocol. Always consider the security, transparency, and functionality of the protocol to make an informed decision. In our Top Picks, we have selected and reviewed the leading liquid restaking protocols, highlighting their key metrics and features.
FAQ
Liquid staking lets you delegate your ETH to node operators and receive a tokenized version of your staked assets, which you can use in other protocols.
Liquid restaking allows you to stake your tokenized staked assets (LSTs) again through a restaking protocol, earning additional rewards while still retaining liquidity and flexibility.
Liquid restaking protocols can redistribute staked assets across multiple blockchains and protocols, directing them to where the highest yield is available, for example in low liquidity chains and enhancing their security. In contrast, liquid staking focuses solely on securing the blockchain where the assets were originally staked. This is what sets liquid staking apart from liquid restaking.
LST (Liquid Staking Token) is received when staking assets in a liquid staking protocol (e.g., stETH for ETH), keeping them liquid for DeFi. LRT (Liquid Restaking Token) is issued when restaking LSTs in a restaking protocol (e.g., ezETH, rsETH), allowing further DeFi use. LSTs come from liquid staking, while LRTs come from liquid restaking.
Liquid restaking carries risks, like smart contract vulnerabilities and market fluctuations. Choosing audited protocols with strong security measures helps reduce these risks.
Liquid restaking lets users stake their Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs) in a restaking protocol to earn extra rewards. The protocol redistributes these assets to secure networks or services while keeping them liquid for use in DeFi.