Concerns around quantum computing and its potential impact on blockchain security have resurfaced, with many networks taking steps to counter future cryptographic threats.
A recent analysis by an XRP Ledger (XRPL) validator suggests that XRP (XRP) may be significantly less exposed to potential quantum computing threats compared to Bitcoin (BTC), largely due to differences in account activity and key exposure.
Quantum Computing and Crypto: Why XRP’s Exposure Is Minimal
Quantum computers pose a theoretical risk to blockchain wallets by potentially deriving private keys from exposed public keys. However, this risk primarily applies to addresses whose public keys have been revealed on-chain, typically when funds are spent.
According to the validator, roughly 300,000 XRP accounts, holding a combined 2.4 billion XRP, have never conducted a transaction. Because their public keys have never been revealed, these accounts are less exposed to potential quantum attacks under current threat models.
The validator also identified two XRP wallets holding around 21 million XRP that have remained dormant for over 5 years while exposing their public keys. This indicates that vulnerable “whale” accounts on the XRP Ledger account for only around 0.03% of the total supply.
“Dormant, vulnerable XRP whales are almost nonexistent. The rest is active and has their public key exposed, but is also reasonable to expect to rotate keys if needed,” the validator wrote. “The XRP Ledger is account-based and allows for signing key rotation, so you can rotate keys that sign on behalf of an account without switching the account. This is obviously not a perfect solution at all, and actual quantum-resistant algorithms will eventually be adopted.”
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The structural gap between the XRP Ledger and Bitcoin on this issue is significant. According to a recent paper by Google, roughly 6.7 million BTC are currently held in quantum-vulnerable addresses. This is equivalent to nearly 32% of Bitcoin’s total supply.
This figure also includes an estimated 1 million BTC believed to belong to Satoshi Nakamoto. Litecoin (LTC) founder Charlie Lee recently cautioned that Satoshi’s Bitcoin could become a target for potential attackers if quantum capabilities advance.
“The million Bitcoins that Satoshi has. Nobody knows who Satoshi is….Those coins are not well protected. They’re actually less safe than current coins in terms of quantum attacks. If quantum does happen, those will be the first coins that will be kind of broken into,” Lee mentioned to BeInCrypto.
Despite these differences, the validator emphasized that no known quantum computers can currently break blockchain encryption. Additionally, XRP users can leverage escrow mechanisms, offering an added layer of protection.
For now, the findings suggest that while quantum risks warrant monitoring, XRP’s current exposure remains limited, particularly regarding dormant large holders.
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