Turkmenistan legalized crypto mining and exchanges on January 1, 2026, marking one of the most significant policy shifts by the tightly controlled Central Asian state in decades.
President Serdar Berdimuhamedow signed the law. This brings virtual assets under civil law and introduces a licensing regime overseen by the central bank.
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The move opens a narrow but notable door for crypto activity in a country long known for isolation, strict capital controls, and heavy state oversight.
Yet, the feasibility of mining operations remains questionable in a country where the government tightly regulates internet access.
Turkmenistan has historically ranked among the world’s most closed nations. The government maintains severe limits on media, travel, and foreign investment. The new law fits a pattern of cautious, state-led reforms rather than liberalization.
Last year, the government introduced electronic visas to ease entry for foreigners. Now, crypto mining appears positioned as another tightly managed tool to attract capital and technical expertise without loosening political control.
Officials have framed the legislation as an economic modernization effort rather than a financial revolution. Licensing requirements, central bank oversight, and payment restrictions ensure the state retains full control over the sector.
Energy, Geopolitics, and Russia’s Shadow
Turkmenistan’s economy depends heavily on natural gas exports, with China as its primary buyer. Crypto mining offers a potential way to monetize excess energy capacity. It will also diversify revenue streams beyond hydrocarbons.
At the same time, the decision arrives as Russia tightens regulation at home while remaining one of the world’s largest mining hubs.
Moscow has pushed mining into formal, taxed channels and restricted operations in power-stressed regions.
Turkmenistan is not a formal ally of Russia, maintaining a policy of permanent neutrality.
Still, the law aligns with a broader Eurasian trend to expand mining capacity outside the United States, which remains the dominant destination for large-scale industrial miners.
Despite the headline shift, constraints are clear. Crypto cannot be used for payments, exchanges will operate under strict licensing, and censorship-heavy internet controls remain unchanged.
As a result, Turkmenistan’s mining sector is likely to develop slowly and selectively.
